Single-cell molecular biotechnology

Engineering
the future.
One cell at a time.

Molecular biotechnology is cool—and it has the potential to change the world. Follow one tiny DNA circle as it gives a living cell a new capability.

Run the transformation →

Scroll to begin↓

One instruction · five transformations

From a DNA loop
to a living function.

The cell stays with us throughout the experiment. Each chapter changes one thing—and carries that change smoothly into the next.

SEQ // 01 Design the vector

Build the instruction.

A plasmid is a compact biological program. The CMV promoter starts transcription, GFP provides the coding sequence, and the remaining elements keep the vector readable and stable.

5.2 kb circular DNA
GFP expression cassette
Selection and replication elements

Circular GFP plasmid map labeling the CMV promoter, Kozak sequence, GFP coding sequence, SV40 poly-A region, AmpR, and pUC origin

Vector assembled↓

Cartoon cell during electroporation with electric arcs and a GFP plasmid crossing temporary membrane pores

SEQ // 02 Open a doorway

A pulse changes the membrane.

A precisely timed electric field briefly destabilizes the cell membrane. Temporary pores open, and the engineered plasmid starts moving inward.

Electric field applied1.8 kV

Membrane permeabilized↓

SEQ // 03 Deliver the plasmid

The instruction is inside.

The pulse stops and the membrane reseals. The intact GFP plasmid is now clearly visible in the cytoplasm, moving toward the nucleus while the cell recovers.

Vector uptakeConfirmed

Cartoon cell with a glowing circular GFP plasmid visible inside the resealed membrane

Plasmid delivered↓

Cartoon cell showing GFP DNA in the nucleus, messenger RNA, ribosomes, and protein synthesis

SEQ // 04 Read the instruction

DNA becomes protein.

The GFP sequence is transcribed into messenger RNA. Ribosomes read the message, assemble amino acids, and fold the chain into a functional fluorescent protein.

DNA→mRNA→GFP

Expression underway↓

SEQ // 05 Reveal the function

The transformed cell glows.

GFP accumulates throughout the cell. Under blue light, green fluorescence becomes an unmistakable readout: the new molecular instruction is active.

New capabilityOnline